Harlem Legend, Hannah Elias, The Richest Black Woman In The World, 1864-1938

Hannah Elias, born c. 1865-1938, was a Harlem, NY sex worker and landlord who became one of the richest Black women in the world during her lifetime.

Early life

Hannah Elias was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at 1820 Addison Street, one of nine children. Her father Charles Elias was a “negro with Indian blood in him” who ran a large, well-regarded catering operation, her mother Mary Elias was “almost white”, and they sent her to public school. In 1884, to attend her sister Hattie’s wedding in style, Hannah borrowed a ball gown without permission from her employer, leading to a sentence at Moyamensing Prison and her banishment from home.

On her own

Supporting herself as a sex worker at a “resort” owned by Emelyn Truitt in Manhattan’s Tenderloin neighborhood, she met wealthy glass-factory owner John R. Platt, forty-five years her senior. She left the brothel when her twin brother David and suitor Frank P. Satterfield asked her to live with the latter in a boardinghouse in east Philadelphia. She became pregnant and gave birth at the Blockley Almshouse in December 1885, giving the child up for adoption.

Affair with John R. Platt

After Elias reunited with Platt, he gave her large sums of money, and “volunteered to start her in the boarding-house business”, at 128 W 53rd Street, whereas the proprietress rented a room to Cornelius Williams. She then moved into a mansion at 236 Central Park West, passing as Sicilian or Cuban. Williams later fatally shot city planner Andrew H. Green (known as the “Father of Greater New York” for his role in founding Central Park, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and other landmarks) in front of Green’s Park Avenue home, confusing him with Platt.

Black Entrepreneur History writes that in reality, her and Mr. Platt were probably married, although all was somehow hidden. It was hidden from his relatives – all of them. The whole thing is just confusing. According to NY City Department Records Certificate 42713 on Ancestry, Hannah Elias was married to John Platt, and although she failed to mention who the father of her second child was, it is clear that the father was listed as John Platt.

Their daughter according to record was named Gwendolyn Toyo Elias Platt, sometimes listed without the Platt name. She was born October 15, 1902, in New York and lived at the location of her home above at 236 Central Part West Street which is the connection between this census record and the confession of home ownership during this time by Mrs. Hannah Elias herself when questioned during the trial. This would prove that this record of marriage and child is accurate if and only if recorded correctly.

Blackmail case

When Platt, prodded by his family, accused her of blackmailing him out of $685,385, the affair merited The World’s lead story on 1 June 1904, describing her as his “ebony enslaver”. Asked about allegations that she had been blackmailed as well, she responded “I have read in the newspapers that I have been, and I am frank to say that there must be some truth in a story which is given so much in detail.” The novelty of a Black woman with the equivalent of tens of millions of dollars, living in one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in New York, caused the Seeing New York electric bus tours to make Elias’s house a stop. Platt initially refused to swear a criminal complaint, but relented, allowing police serving a criminal warrant to break down her door, where they were escorted to Elias by her Japanese butler, Kato. At the time she said: “I have no fear. I have done no wrong, and every one of the poor people I have helped is praying for me in the time of my affliction.” She was arraigned in Tombs Court on June 10, 1904. Held on $30,000 bail, meetings at the house of R. C. Cooper at 318 W. 58th St. and 149 W. 43rd St. raised money for her release. When Platt was “asked directly about Hannah Elias he aimed blows at the reporter with his umbrella and shouted: ‘Don’t talk to me about Hannah Elias.'” The story spread, leading to detailed court coverage in the Baltimore Sun as she took the stand and described how her money was kept in “15 savings banks” as well as “houses and lands worth $150,000, furniture and plate, worth $100,000, and jewels valued at as much more.” After losing his initial court case, the court of appeals eventually ruled against Platt, allowing her to keep his gifts.

Later life

After the trails, in 1906, newspapers reported that Elias evicted white tenants from several apartment buildings on West 135th Street with a note reading, “in the future none but respectable colored families were to occupy the flats”. She was rumored to have continued in this vein, named in a 1912 article titled “Negroes Crowding Whites” as the purchaser of a $250,000 apartment building at 546–552 Lenox Avenue; however, she refuted these claims through her lawyer, Andrew F. Murray, in 1906. By 1915 she was living in a penthouse in one of her “numerous properties” at 501 W. 113th St. She joined forces with noted Harlem developer John Nail and together they turned Harlem into a safe zone for black New Yorkers, but later left for Europe with her butler, Kato, never to return.

Death

She passed away in Europe after suffering a heart attack at the age of 73.

Book

 The Great Mrs. Elias by Barbara Chase-Riboud.